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https://sfhelp.org/cx/skills/assert.htm
Updated
01-03-2015
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This is one of a series of articles in Lesson 2 - learn communication basics and seven powerful
skills.
Progress with this Lesson depends on concurrent progress on Lesson 1 -
free your true Self to guide your personality in calm and conflictual times.
This article exists because - in
my experience - many adults and most kids aren't able to
assert their needs and opinions
effectively. Asserting
well is a learnable skill, based on some key
attitudes.
This brief YouTube video summarizes effective assertion skill:
The video mentions eight self-improvement lessons in this Web site. I've
reduced that to seven.
Learn
something about yourself with this anonymous
1-question poll.
Contents
This two-page
article covers...
a place to rate yourself as an
effective asserter,
perspective on assertiveness,
including a definition of effective assertion, and four types of assertion;
eight steps for preparing and
delivering effective assertions,
an overview of three-part
"I"-message
assertions;
how to
assert "dodge-proof" praise; and...
a
status check on
how you stand with the ideas in this article.
The article assumes
you're familiar with...
the
intro to this
nonprofit Web site and the
premises underlying it;
Say your definition of "effective assertion" out loud. Imagine
trying to explain it to an average teen. Then rate yourself as an asserter recently: on a scale of
1(I
never get my needs met)to 10(I
always get my needs met, while
respecting others' rights and needs)...
In calm situations with the people who
mean the most to me, I'm usually a ___
In conflicts with the people who mean the
most to me, I'm usually a ___
With the people I work with, I'm usually a
___
With strangers or acquaintances, I'm
usually a ___
When I'm upset and need to assert to
myself, I'm usually a ___
See how your beliefs compare to these premises about the relationship
skill of assertion...
Effective assertionis the art of (a) saying what you need or believe in a way that
other people can hear you clearly, and (b) you all feeling
respected enough when you finish. This ability is essential for
effective problem-solving. The alternatives to
assertion are submission(letting other's needs come before yours and possibly
violating your integrity,and
aggression -
forcing your needs or values on another person. Both
are
lose-lose choices.
Types of Assertion
Thereare four
types of assertion:
Self-nurturing -
stating your
perceptions, feelings, and opinions about something (venting) to
preserve your self respect and
integrity. The goal here is to feel satisfied that
you've tried your best to have the other person hear you
clearly, vs. agree to some action.
Preventive - the assertion goal
here is to get the other person to commit to act now to avoid
a future problem;
Reactive assertion
aims tohave the other person...
acknowledge a change you need from them, and/or
to...
acknowledge limits
you set with them about some unacceptable behavior;
And a
surprise type of assertion is...
"Dodge-proof"
praise
- affirming or appreciating someone in a way they can't easily
discount or minimize. This
can be fun! More detail on this kind of assertion on
the next page.
In each situation you can assert
spontaneously or intentionally. With
your Self guiding you, practice, and
self-awareness, asserting effectively becomes automatic.
Requisites
for Assertion
To assert effectively(satisfy your and others' current
needs) adults
and kids need to...
be clear and
firmon their personal
rights as dignified, worthy persons; and...
believe
that their rights, needs, opinions, and
dignity (self-respect) are just as
valid and important as anyone
else's, regardless of age, power, role, or gender;
And effective asserters need to...
become fluent in the
communication skills of
awareness, clear thinking, digging down, metatalk, and
empathic listening.
Reflect on your reactions to what you just read. Do you
regularly meet these four conditions when asserting with other people?
Would people who know you well agree? If you don't (yet), what's in your
way?
Now - compare
this framework for asserting well to your present way of declaring your
needs and opinions to adults and kids:
Eight Steps
for
EffectiveAssertion
The
following options can be useful in any situation.
Your
true Self (capital "S")
is the best judge of whether each option is necessary. The more you do these, the more
automatic they'll become:
Prepare
to Assert
Step 1)
Consciouslyto assert (i.e. to follow steps
like these);
until the skill becomes automatic. The common alternative is being unaware of what you need and what you're doing, which risks being
submissive
(1-down) or
aggressive (1-up). Both are lose-lose attitudes.
who's guiding your
personality now -
your Self (capital "S") or other subselves.
If you're often uncomfortable asserting your needs and opinions, see
this parts-work strategy when you finish reading this., and...
what you feel, and why.
Your emotions point to current
needs,
and identify...
specifically what you
need from your
communication partner/s now.
Options:
Check yourself for
fuzzy thinking (e.g. for vague
pronouns and "hand-grenade" (emotionally-provocative) words
or phrases;
Recall the
difference between surface needs (e.g. "I need
the checkbook to be balanced") and underlying
primary needs ("I need to lower my anxiety
about having our phone turned off again.") If you get what
you're asserting for, will it satisfy your primary needs? Use
awareness and
dig-down skills to
answer this.
When you assert,
stay aware of your current
awareness bubble. Does it include you
and your
communication partner/s (a "two-person bubble"), or just you?
One-person and no-person bubbles usually indicate a false self
controls
you.
Review these common
communication blocks before important
assertions. Are there any you want
to be alert for with this communication partner?
Remind yourself of the
difference between a need conflict ("When you commit to an
arrival time, I need you to be prompt."), and a
values conflict. In the latter,
guard against asserting for something that your partner
can't (vs. won't) give you ("I want you to stop this
vegetarian fetish."); and...
Reviewthe ways
you can assert: (a) in person, over the phone, or in
writing, and (b) alone or with other key people present. Each has
pros and cons. Which gives you the best odds for being heard
clearly?
Step 3) Make four quick
attitude checks on how you honestly feel about …
Your partner's needs.
If you believe "they are as legitimate and important as mine now," go ahead. If
not, lower your expectations about the outcome of your assertion or explore what's blocking a mutual-respect
attitude. Often, it's a well-meaning false self
controlling you.
Asking for what you need. If you feel solidly"I have the rightto say or ask for this,"
go ahead. If you’re thinking something like: "I'm really
being selfish / pushy / greedy / a pain /..." (inner attitude:
"I'm 1-down"), lower your assertion-outcome
expectations.
And check...
Your confidence about handling your partner's reactions
to your assertion, like
anger, rejection, hurt, defensiveness, or attacking.
If you feel
confident enough, assert. If you don't, focus on
freeing your true Self and review this
article on
building self confidence. Practicing these steps will increase your
ability to handle "resistances" effectively. And review...
Your
expectations about the outcome. If you
solidly feel...
"We both can get our main needs met here, and...
we both will probably
feel OK about it,"
then assert your needs and/or opinions.
If your dominant subselves
believe "This assertion won't
work," it probably won't.As your fluency with the
seven communication
skills grows, your
effectiveness will rise and the attitudes above will become more
automatic.
Recall - we're reviewing eight steps (options) for asserting your needs and opinions
effectively with adults and kids. We just reviewed three preparation
steps. Now you're ready to...
Assert
Step 4)
Reduce any
significant environmental, emotional, or bodily distractions,
define what
specific outcome you want from asserting, and then...
choose a time and place where your partner is minimally distracted;
and...
assert your
needs or opinions simply, clearly, directly,
one at a time, with
respectful eye
contact.
The more words you use, the greater the chance for confusion and distraction.
If you're really clear on what you need, one or two sentences is
often enough.
Options:
If you're asserting a
boundary (personal limit) - e.g. "I need you to stop leaving your wet
towel on the bathroom floor." be clear on what specific
action you'll take (a consequence) if the other person chooses to ignore
(disrespect) your boundary ("If you 'forget,'
I'll drop the towel on your pillow as a reminder.")
Watch your pronouns! If you state your
needs as "You need to ___...", you risk being
perceived as arrogantly dictating what the other person
must do, feel, or believe. Remember
how you felt the last time someone did that to you?
A safer choice is
taking responsibility for your need or opinion:
"I need you to..."
Step 5)
"resistance" from your partner, without judgment. It's a normal human response,
not weakness, defensiveness, cowardice, bad, or wrong! This expectation and attitude are
essential for successful assertions!
Do you agree?
Step 6) Letyour
partner finish responding to your assertion (unless
s/he's too long-winded). Then use
respectful empathic listening until your partner's
E(motion)-level drops "below
their
ears."
If you start to blame, debate, disagree, or over-justify
your needs after your partner responds, a false-self probably
controls you. Breathe,
free your
true Self
(capital "S"), and stay focused on
requesting or demanding what you need
now from your partner. Expect more resistance, without blame!
If you're not clear on empathic listening, review this brief YouTube video:
When you feel the other person can
hear you, then…
Step 7)
Stay focused, in case
your partner brings up other issues or changes the subject. Repeat
steps
4 - 6 as needed: re-state your needs clearly, firmly,
and directly, using respectful empathic listening and steady eye
contact with each new
resistance, until you…
get (a) a clear,
credible agreement, or (b) an acceptable compromise or
refusal, or
(c) new information that justifies switching from assertion to
mutual
problem solving; or you…
run out of time.
In important assertions,
plan lotsof undistracted time for your interaction!
Step 8) Note the outcome of your
assertion. If you
and your partner/s eachgot your primary needs met well enough,
thank them and appreciate yourself! If someone didn't get key needs
met well enough, use awareness, metatalk, and
empathic listening skillsto discover
what would work better the next time. Maintain the
nonjudgmental, curious "mind of a student," and consider adopting the motto:
"Progress, not perfection"...
Breath
and reflect... what's your
self-talk now? (e.g.
"This is silly"; or "I could never do these steps"; or "Too
academic - unreal and phony"; or "Hmm - maybe I could experiment with these steps.
What's the risk?"...)
Do you feel these eight
effective-assertion
steps really could work for you? Could you assert in key situations and leave
any of these options out? If you don't normally do some version of these steps to
meet your needs with other people, what do you do? Do you usually
satisfy your primary needs? Is anything in the way of
trying these steps?
Now let's look at a powerful type of assertion:
Assertive
"I" Messages
This
YouTube clip previews what you'll read here:
Unaware asserters
can lower their odds for meeting everyone's needs by using provocative "you" messages,
like "You
always / never / need to /..." Depending on voice tone and body
language, these are often received as
disrespectful
criticisms. This usually raises the receiver's
E(motion)-level, which blocks
effective
listening and
win-win
problem solving.
A
better alternative is to use sincere (vs. manipulative) "I"
messages to assert your need or opinion. These assertions describe what you are an expert on:
your
perceptions, feelings, values, and needs.
"I" messages have two or
three parts:
"When you... (describe some
specific behavior that could be recorded on audio or video tape),
"... I..." (summarize
factually how that behavior affects you, without name-calling,
lecturing, or criticism)...
(optional) "...
and I need
you to (commit to making a specific attitude and/or behavior change.)"
This sounds like "Alex,
when you interrupt me frequently,
I feel disrespected and distracted, and
want to stop talking with you.
I need
you to be more aware of interrupting, and to let me finish before you
respond."
Avoid bringing up the past,
lecturing, and/or elaborating on the
last 22 times your partner has done (whatever).
Keep it simple!
Guidelines:
limit your descriptions to behaviors
that could be recorded on audio or
video tape, like a reporter or scientist; and...
avoid using labels,
provocative words, accusations, and
vague or general terms ("When you're so selfish and insensitive all the time...")
Well-composed, "I" messages - delivered calmly, with
steady, respectful eye contact - have a better chance of being received
as information vs. criticism. This is less likely if the receiving
person is shame-based (wounded). With all assertions,
use respectful empathic listening to affirm your partner's responses, and
demonstrate that you heard (vs. agree with) them.
When
you finish here, try this "I"-message
worksheet to raise your awareness and effectiveness.
Recall
the four kinds of assertion: self-nurturing, preventive, reactive, and
praise. Let's look at the last one now...
Assert "Dodge-proof" Praise
Have you ever complimented someone who ignored, deflected, or minimized
your praise?
("Ah, I was just lucky, Anyone could've done that.")
Shame-based (wounded) people automatically diminish or "dodge" sincere praise because
narrow-focused subselves feel (a) it isn't deserved, and/or (b) accepting
the praise would risk big trouble (e.g. excessive guilt from having a "swelled head"
or "being "egotistical" or "self-centered."
This brief YouTube video offers perspective on what you're about to
read.
to express genuine (vs.
dutiful or strategic)
praise that can't easily be shrugged off. For example:
"Maria,
when you got your friends to wash the dishes, put
them away, and take the trash out after your slumber party (specific
recordable actions),...
I
felt considered, respected, and relieved I didn't have to do those chores
(concrete effect on your
life)...
Thank you
for your thoughtfulness!
If Maria tries to deflect, minimize, or nullify your praise ("Ah, no big
deal"), use empathic listening...
"You don't feel you all doing those courtesies are special."...
then patiently reassert your praise with friendly eye contact.
Notice the difference between this way of
expressing specific praise and saying something vague (or a negative compliment) like "Hey, thanks for not leaving
your usual mess!"
Experiment with asserting merited praise and affirmations - specially with
people who fear, distrust, or disrespect you - and notice what happens over
time. Three keys:
don't do this to "get something" (strategic, vs.
genuine praise), other than feeling good;
use steady eye contact, and...
don't expect satisfaction
unless your Self
leads your
other subselves and the other person is undistracted and can hear you
- i.e. their
E-level is
"below their ears."
For more perspective, read about giving other people
feedback after you finish this article.
Notice with interest what your subselves are
saying now about learning to assert dodge-proof
praise and enjoying the results. Think of people you might like asserting
"dodge-proof" praise to now. Is there anything in the way of your
experimenting with doing so?
We've covered a lot here, so pause, reflect, and take a...
Status Check
See where you stand now on these ideas. "T" = "true; "F" - false; and "?" = "I'm not
sure," or "it depends on (what?)"
I think of myself as an
assertive person now (T F ?)
I can clearly describe the
difference between assertion, aggression, and submission to an average
teenager now (T F
?)
I can describe how assertion
relates to the skill of
problem-solving now. (T F ?)
I can name the
four kinds of
assertion now. (T F ?)
I can describe the
three parts
of an assertive "I" message, and the (common) alternative to "I"
messages. (T F ?)
I'm clear on the difference
between a
request and a demand now. (T F ?)
I can clearly describe what an
interpersonal
boundary is to a typical pre-teen. (T F ?)
I regularly use my own
Personal Bill of Rights as the basis for my
assertions; or I'm evolving my Bill now, and learning to live
by it without guilt, anxiety, and/or shame. (T F ?)
I can
(a) clearly define
empathic listening, and (b) I know how and when to use it in
my assertions. (T
F ?)
I
(a) can describe what
R(espect) messages are, and I (b) know how they relate to making effective assertions (T
F ?)
I'm intentionally coaching each
minor child in my life to be an effective asserter and communicator now (T
F ?)
I'm
firmly motivated to
improve the
effectiveness of my assertions now; or if not, I know what's
in the way (T F ?)
My
true Self just answered these questions (T F ?)
Pause, breathe, and reflect - what are you aware of now?
The goals of
Lesson 2 are for your adults to
(a)
learn and adapt seven effective-communication
skills to your
personalities and communication
styles, and (b) each become fluent in
using the skills to improve
everyonefilling more of
their current
primary needs effectively.
My unique, practical guidebook for Lesson 2
integrates the key Web materials here:
Satisfactions- 7 relationship skills you need to know (Xlibris.com, 2nd ed., 2010).
Recap
This article outlines one of seven powerful communication (relationship)
skills that every adult and child needs to become adept at: effective
assertion. Until people evolve fluency and confidence with these skills,
they're often submissive ("I'm 1-down"), or aggressive ("I'm 1-up") in
declaring their opinions, boundaries, and needs.
Effective assertion is essential for
win-win problem solving.
The article proposes 8 specific steps for composing and delivering
effective assertions. Three keys to doing this are...
prepare well,
get very clear on what you
really need from the other person, and...
calmly
handle expected resistances with
respectful empathic listening + firm re-assertion, until you feel
heard well enough (vs. agreed with) or you shift into
problem solving.
Pause, breathe, and reflect - why did you read this article? Did you get
what you needed? If not, what do you need? Who's
answering these questions - your
true Self, or
''someone else''?
The Web address of this article is
https://sfhelp.org/cx/skills/assert.htm
Types of Assertion
